Coordinate system and end force directions for shell elements
Coordinate System
1- Axes
Axes and joint numbers of the shell element are shown in the figure
2- Direction and meaning of Shell element forces
M11, M22
Bending moments in 1 and 2 axes
M12
Planar torsion moment
V13, V23
Cutting forces perpendicular to the surface of the element
F11, F22
Tensile forces in the element plane in the direction of interest
F12
Element shear force
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