Wind Actions

Wind actions on structures and structural elements is determined taking account of both external and internal wind pressures.

A summary of calculation procedures for the determination of wind actions is given below.

Peak Velocity Pressure q_p

• Basic wind velocity, v_b

• Reference height, z_e

• Terrain category

• Characteristic peak velocity pressure q_p

• Turbulence intensity I_v

• Mean wind velocity v_m

• Orography coefficient c_o(z)

• Roughness coefficient c_r(z)

Wind Pressures

• External pressure coefficient c_pe

• External wind pressure: w_e=q_p c_pe

Wind forces on structures

• Structural Factor c_sc_d

• Wind force F_w