• Nominal flexural and axial strength is calculated automatically.

• Nominal axial compressive strength is calculated automatically.

• Nominal axial tensile strength is calculated automatically.

Notation

Ac = gross area of concrete section,
As = area of nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement,
Ast = total area of nonprestressed longitudinal reinforcement,
α = depth of equivalent rectangular stress block,
bw = width of compression face of member,
c = distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral axis,
Cc = concrete compressive force,
Cs = reinforcement tension force,
fck = specified compressive strength of concrete,
fcd = design compressive strength of concrete,
fyk = specified yield strength for nonprestressed reinforcement,
fyd = design yield strength for nonprestressed reinforcement,
Md = desing flexural strength at section,
Mn = nominal flexural strength at section,
Nn = nominal axial compressive strength of member,
Nd = design axial compressive strength of member,
Nd,max = maximum nominal axial compressive strength of a member,
Ndt = design axial tensile strength of member,
εt = net tensile strain in extreme layer of longitudinal tension reinforcement at nominal strength, excluding strains due to effective prestress, creep, shrinkage, and temperature
k1 = factor relating depth of equivalent rectangular compressive stress block to depth of neutral axis

Maximum axial compressive strength

Nominal axial compressive strength Nn is limited to a value of Nd,max.

For nonprestressed concrete members, Nd shall be calculated by:

According to TS 500 7.4.1 Maximum design axial compressive strength for a nonprestressed concrete member with closed tie;

The maximum design compressive strength for a nonprestressed concrete member with closed tie;

The design strength of concrete and reinforcement materials is given below.

Axial tensile strength

Design axial tensile strength Nd,t is given TS 500 7.4.2

Flexural Strength

Nominal flexural strength Mn and axial strength are calculated based on the following Design Assumptions.

Design assumptions

The flexural and axial strength of a member calculated by the strength design method, two basic conditions should be satisfied:

1. equilibrium

2. compatibility of strains

Equilibrium means balancing of forces acting on the element cross section at nominal strength. Stress-strain relationship for the concrete and the reinforcement at nominal strength is established within the design assumptions described follow:

• Equilibrium is satisfied at each section.

• It is assumed that strain in concrete and reinforcement is proportional to the distance from neutral axis.

Design strength is calculated by using these assumptions together with design assumptions for concrete described follow:

• Maximum strain at the extreme concrete compression fiber is assumed equal to 0.003.

• Tensile strength of concrete is neglected.

• The relationship between concrete compressive stress and strain is represented by equivalent rectangular concrete stress distribution method.

• Concrete stress of 0.85fcd is assumed uniformly distributed over. Equivalent rectangular concrete stress zone bounded by edges of the cross section and a line parallel to the neutral axis located a distance α from the fiber of maximum compressive strain, as calculated by:

• The distance between the fiber of maximum compressive stress and the neutral axis, c, is perpendicular to the neutral axis.

• The value of k1 is determined using TS500 Table 7.1.

Concrete Class

C16

C18

C20

C25

C30

C35

C40

C45

C50

k1

0.85

0.85

0.85

0.85

0.82

0.79

0.76

0.73

0.70

Nd means design axial compressive strength and Md means design flexural strength. Md takes different values for each axial force level. Therefore, a three-dimensional interaction failure surface shown in the picture above is formed. Nominal flexural strength Mn is calculated according to the assumptions described in title.

Design flexural strength Md with zero compression is calculated as described in the title of TSC Flexural Strength . Similarly, with the same design assumption combined design flexural and axial strength Md and Nd are calculated as shown below.

From the equation of equilibrium:

Desing flexural strength Md combined with Nd is calculated as shown below.

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